Seeds and the logic of enclosure

An analysis from political economy and the theory of the commons

Abstract

The debate surrounding seeds has become a central axis for understanding the recent transformations in Argentine agriculture. This paper analyzes, from the perspective of political economy and the theory of the commons, how intellectual property regimes (promoted by international frameworks such as TRIPS and UPOV) have consolidated a so-called “proprietary logic,” which favors market concentration and reinforces technological dependence. From a center-periphery approach, the study shows how the most developed countries concentrate innovation and power over seeds, leaving countries like Argentina subordinated to such schemes.

The study examines the impact of these dynamics at the local level, mentioning the case of transgenic soybeans and royalty systems, which have generated tensions between large corporations and producers, especially regarding farmers’ right to save seeds. It also analyzes social resistance movements and the disputes surrounding Argentine legislation.

In this context, alternatives based on the paradigm of open seeds emerge, allowing free access, cooperation, and biodiversity conservation. Cases such as Bioleft demonstrate that collaborative models articulating public science and peasant knowledge are possible. The research concludes that Argentina’s future depends on its capacity to strengthen these initiatives and to advance policies that ensure food sovereignty.